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Resource intelligence / USGS 2026
The world’s reported
mineral reserves.
Explore eight critical minerals and the economically recoverable deposits countries are reported to hold. Select a mineral, then a country to open its record.
Mineral Atlas08 /Critical minerals
2026 source edition
2026 source edition
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Silver / reported reservesWorld overview
Share of world total
<1%1–<5%5–<10%≥10%No individual figure
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Reserves have a specific meaning.
Reserves are the part of a mineral resource considered economically recoverable at the time of assessment. They can change with prices, exploration and technical knowledge. These figures describe deposits, not bullion stockpiles or metal ready for delivery.
USGS definitionsBrowse the source tables8 minerals +
Country rows reproduced from USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Quantities below are metric tonnes; each table identifies its mineral. A missing individual figure does not establish zero reserves or zero production.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| 23,000 | 1,100e | |
| 6,500 | 800e | |
| * | 91,000 | 1,000e |
| 22,000 | 1,500e | |
| 4,900 | 400e | |
| 33,000 | 1,400e | |
| 67,000 | 3,400e | |
| 8,000 | 800e | |
| Not available | 630e | |
| 37,000 | 6,300e | |
| 110,000 | 3,600e | |
| 59,000 | 1,300e | |
| 92,000 | 1,200e | |
| Not available | 400e | |
| Other countries (aggregate) | 57,000 | 2,100e |
| World total (rounded) | 610,000 | 26,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of listed country and aggregate rows. Aggregate only; excluded from country rankings. The source does not allocate this amount among the countries absent from its table.
* Australia: the headline 91,000 metric tonnes use Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR). JORC-compliant or equivalent reserves: 22,000 metric tonnes. USGS uses Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources for Australia, a broader classification than JORC ore reserves. The alternate figure is not added to the headline total.
Reserves for Australia, Chile, China, Peru and Poland were revised based on government reports. Source: USGS Silver chapter, table on PDF page 2.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| 47,000,000 | 1,000,000e | |
| * | 100,000,000 | 730,000e |
| 7,000,000 | 500,000e | |
| 180,000,000 | 5,300,000e | |
| 41,000,000 | 1,800,000e | |
| 80,000,000 | 3,200,000e | |
| 0 (source reports zero) | 0 (source reports zero) | |
| 2,200,000 | 23,000e | |
| 21,000,000 | 710,000e | |
| 0 (source reports zero) | 0 (source reports zero) | |
| 20,000,000 | 710,000e | |
| 0 (source reports zero) | 0 (source reports zero) | |
| 53,000,000 | 690,000e | |
| 85,000,000 | 2,700,000e | |
| 33,000,000 | 410,000e | |
| 80,000,000 | 1,300,000e | |
| 21,000,000 | 940,000e | |
| Other countries (aggregate) | 210,000,000 | 3,000,000e |
| World total (rounded) | 980,000,000 | 23,000,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of listed country and aggregate rows. Aggregate only; excluded from country rankings. The source does not allocate this amount among the countries absent from its table.
* Australia: the headline 100,000,000 metric tonnes use Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR). JORC-compliant or equivalent reserves: 27,000,000 metric tonnes. USGS uses Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources for Australia, a broader classification than JORC ore reserves. The alternate figure is not added to the headline total.
Reserves for Canada, Chile, Peru, Poland and Other countries were revised based on company, government and industry-association reports. Source: USGS Copper chapter, table on PDF page 2.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| * | 60,000 | Withheld |
| * | 110,000 | 1,300e |
| 310,000 | 5,000e | |
| 140,000 | 4,500e | |
| 78,000 | 0e | |
| 830,000 | 40,000e | |
| Not available | 50e | |
| Not available | 90e | |
| Not available | 800e | |
| 260,000 | 700e | |
| Not available | 200e | |
| 18,000 | 600e | |
| 26,000 | 260e | |
| 350,000 | 32,000e | |
| 60,000 | 22,000e | |
| 99,000 | 3,000e | |
| 54,000 | 220e | |
| World total (rounded) | >2,000,000 | 110,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS and reserve totals are published lower bounds. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of country rows. USGS revised 2024 production for China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia using company, government or third-party reports. The rounded world mine-production totals exclude U.S. production. Antimony may have been produced in additional countries, but information was inadequate to estimate their output reliably.
* United States: USGS footnote 7 identifies the U.S. figure as company-reported probable reserves for the Stibnite Gold Project in Idaho. It is not a comprehensive inventory of every U.S. deposit.
* Australia: the headline 110,000 metric tonnes use Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR). JORC-compliant or equivalent reserves: 11,000 metric tonnes. USGS uses Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources for Australia, a broader classification than JORC ore reserves. The alternate figure is not added to the headline total.
Reserves for Australia, China and Tajikistan were revised based on government reports. Source: USGS Antimony chapter, table on PDF page 2.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| Not available | 0e | |
| * | 570,000 | 1,000e |
| 10,000 | 840e | |
| Not available | 1,700e | |
| 2,500,000 | 67,000e | |
| Not available | 2,400e | |
| 29,000 | 2,000e | |
| 3,400 | 700e | |
| 400,000 | 2,000e | |
| Not available | 1,300e | |
| 66,000 | 800e | |
| 170,000 | 3,000e | |
| Other countries (aggregate) | 950,000 | 2,400e |
| World total (rounded) | >4,700,000 | 85,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS and reserve totals are published lower bounds. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of country rows. Aggregate only; excluded from country rankings. The source does not allocate this amount among the countries absent from its table. Both 2024 and 2025 figures in the world mine-production table are marked estimated. Russia's 2024 production was revised significantly based on a government report.
* Australia: the headline 570,000 metric tonnes use Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR). JORC-compliant or equivalent reserves: 220,000 metric tonnes. USGS uses Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources for Australia, a broader classification than JORC ore reserves. The alternate figure is not added to the headline total.
Reserves for China and Vietnam were revised based on government reports. Source: USGS Tungsten chapter, table on PDF page 2.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| 4,400,000 | Withheld | |
| 4,400,000 | 23,000e | |
| * | 8,400,000 | 92,000e |
| 540,000 | 12,000e | |
| 1,600,000 | 5,600e | |
| 9,200,000 | 56,000e | |
| 4,600,000 | 62,000e | |
| 370,000 | 9,400e | |
| 60,000 | 380e | |
| 500,000 | 28,000e | |
| Other countries (aggregate) | 2,400,000 | 0 (source reports zero) |
| World total (rounded) | 37,000,000 | 290,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of listed country and aggregate rows. Aggregate only; excluded from country rankings. The source does not allocate this reserve amount among the countries absent from its individual rows. Footnote 7 identifies Austria, Congo (Kinshasa), Czechia, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Mexico, Namibia, Serbia and Spain as countries with reported reserves; no individual quantities are given. The published world mine-production total excludes United States production, which USGS withholds to protect company proprietary data. It is not a complete global production total. The mine-production heading marks both 2024 and 2025 as estimated, except the 2024 Argentina and Chile figures explicitly marked reported in footnote 5. Values are tonnes of contained lithium, not lithium carbonate equivalent.
* Australia: the headline 8,400,000 metric tonnes use Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR). JORC-compliant or equivalent reserves: 5,100,000 metric tonnes. USGS uses Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources for Australia, a broader classification than JORC ore reserves. The alternate figure is not added to the headline total.
Reserves for Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, the United States and Zimbabwe were revised based on company and government reports. The separate World Resources discussion is not a reserves table. Resource amounts, including the Bolivia resource estimate, are not included as country reserves. Other countries with reported reserves include Austria, Congo (Kinshasa), Czechia, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Mexico, Namibia, Serbia and Spain; USGS does not allocate the aggregate among them. Source: USGS Lithium chapter, table on PDF page 2.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| 70,000 | 300e | |
| * | 1,700,000 | 3,700e |
| 220,000 | 3,500e | |
| 160,000 | 2,000e | |
| 6,000,000 | 230,000e | |
| 500,000 | 2,000e | |
| 760,000 | 44,000e | |
| 100,000 | 3,900e | |
| 84,000 | 2,800e | |
| 260,000 | 3,700e | |
| * | 800,000 | 7,700e |
| 91,000 | 1,900e | |
| Other countries (aggregate) | 780,000 | 9,100e |
| World total (rounded) | 12,000,000 | 310,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of listed country and aggregate rows. Aggregate only; excluded from country rankings. The source does not allocate this reserve amount among the countries absent from its individual rows. The mine-production heading marks both 2024 and 2025 figures as estimated. U.S. 2021–2025 mine production is also estimated under the Production heading on PDF page 1.
* Australia: the headline 1,700,000 metric tonnes use Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR). JORC-compliant or equivalent reserves: 680,000 metric tonnes. USGS uses Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources for Australia, a broader classification than JORC ore reserves. The alternate figure is not added to the headline total.
* Russia: USGS footnote 11 attributes this reserve figure to the Russia Ministry of Natural Resources.
Reserves for Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Russia and Other countries were revised based on company and government reports. Source: USGS Cobalt chapter, table on PDF page 2.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| 340,000 | 10,000e | |
| * | 25,000,000 | 45,000e |
| 16,000,000 | 70,000e | |
| 2,200,000 | 140,000e | |
| 4,400,000 | 120,000e | |
| 62,000,000 | 2,600,000e | |
| * | 7,100,000 | 140,000e |
| 4,800,000 | 270,000e | |
| 8,300,000 | 200,000e | |
| Other countries (aggregate) | >9,100,000 | 290,000e |
| World total (rounded) | >140,000,000 | 3,900,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of listed country and aggregate rows. The world reserve total is a lower bound, not an exact quantity. Aggregate only; excluded from country rankings. The source does not allocate this amount among the countries absent from its table. Production in 2024 for Canada was revised significantly based on a government report.
* Australia: the headline 25,000,000 metric tonnes use Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources (EDR). JORC-compliant or equivalent reserves: 11,000,000 metric tonnes. USGS uses Accessible Economic Demonstrated Resources for Australia, a broader classification than JORC ore reserves. The alternate figure is not added to the headline total.
* New Caledonia: New Caledonia is an overseas territory of France and is reported as a separate row by USGS (footnote 10). Its figure is not assigned to France.
Reserves for Australia, Indonesia and the United States were revised based on company and government reports. Source: USGS Nickel chapter, table on PDF page 2.
| Country | Reported reserves Reported in 2026 edition | 2025 mine productione |
|---|---|---|
| * | Included in world total | 0 (source reports zero) |
| * | Included in world total | 200e |
| 74,000,000 | 65,000e | |
| 5,900,000 | 8,000e | |
| 100,000,000 | 1,400,000e | |
| * | Included in world total | 140e |
| 8,600,000 | 17,000e | |
| 2,000,000 | 8,000e | |
| 1,800,000 | 500e | |
| 27,000,000 | 80,000e | |
| 3,100,000 | 740e | |
| 25,000,000 | 60,000e | |
| 600,000 | 6,600e | |
| 14,000,000 | 25,000e | |
| 1,500,000 | 3,200e | |
| 18,000,000 | 75,000e | |
| 6,900,000 | 2,200e | |
| * | Included in world total | 800e |
| 9,700,000 | 500e | |
| World total (rounded) | 310,000,000 | 1,800,000e |
e Estimated by USGS. “Not available” is a published NA; 0 denotes a source-reported zero. “Included in world total” has no published individual amount. > and < retain source bounds. Countries absent from this table are not individually reported and must not be treated as zero. World totals are rounded by USGS. They are retained as published and may differ from the sum of listed country and aggregate rows. Significant revisions were made to 2024 production for Austria, Brazil, Canada, India, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Mozambique, Norway, Tanzania, Ukraine and Vietnam based on company and government reports.
* United States: USGS footnote 4: included in the world total; no individual reserve amount is published. This is not a reported zero.
* Austria: USGS footnote 4: included in the world total; no individual reserve amount is published. This is not a reported zero.
* Germany: USGS footnote 4: included in the world total; no individual reserve amount is published. This is not a reported zero.
* Ukraine: USGS footnote 4: included in the world total; no individual reserve amount is published. This is not a reported zero.
Reserves for China were revised based on government reports. USGS includes the reserves of the United States, Austria, Germany and Ukraine in the world total without publishing individual amounts. Source: USGS Natural graphite chapter, table on PDF page 2.