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2020","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2020/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2020","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T21:12:34-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:19-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-1992","title":"World Silver Survey 1992","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-1992/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-1992","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-21T21:28:15-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-24T02:13:35-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-1993","title":"World Silver Survey 1993","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-1993/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-1993","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-21T21:54:28-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-24T02:13:18-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-1999","title":"World Silver Survey 1999","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-1999/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-1999","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T00:00:07-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:33:23-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2002","title":"World Silver Survey 2002","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2002/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2002","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T00:41:20-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:32:26-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2010","title":"World Silver Survey 2010","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2010/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2010","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T18:42:30-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:29:17-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2012","title":"World Silver Survey 2012","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2012/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2012","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T18:46:36-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:29:05-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2013","title":"World Silver Survey 2013","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2013/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2013","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T18:48:13-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:59-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2014","title":"World Silver Survey 2014","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2014/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2014","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T18:49:34-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:54-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2015","title":"World Silver Survey 2015","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2015/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2015","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T20:04:54-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:47-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2019","title":"World Silver Survey 2019","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2019/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2019","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T20:38:19-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:25-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2024","title":"World Silver Survey 2024","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2024/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2024","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T21:22:58-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:27:51-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2000","title":"World Silver Survey 2000","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2000/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2000","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T00:08:50-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:33:02-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2003","title":"World Silver Survey 2003","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2003/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2003","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T15:02:32-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:32:10-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2006","title":"World Silver Survey 2006","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2006/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2006","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T16:35:28-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:29:46-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2007","title":"World Silver Survey 2007","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2007/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2007","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T17:32:10-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:29:36-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2008","title":"World Silver Survey 2008","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2008/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2008","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T17:33:33-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:29:31-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2016","title":"World Silver Survey 2016","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2016/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2016","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T20:31:46-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:42-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2017","title":"World Silver Survey 2017","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2017/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2017","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T20:35:06-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:36-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2018","title":"World Silver Survey 2018","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2018/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2018","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T20:37:01-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:28:30-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2023","title":"World Silver Survey 2023","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2023/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2023","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T21:21:12-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:27:58-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2025","title":"World Silver Survey 2025","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2025/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2025","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T21:24:54-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:27:45-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-1950-1990","title":"World Silver Survey 1950-1990","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-1950-1990/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-1950-1990","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-21T18:51:10-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-24T02:12:01-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silver-survey-2004","title":"World Silver Survey 2004","fromPath":"/world-silver-survey-2004/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-2004","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-22T15:06:31-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-23T00:30:44-04:00"},{"slug":"world-silvery-survey-1994","title":"World Silvery Survey 1994","fromPath":"/world-silvery-survey-1994/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#source-world-silver-survey-1994","kind":"page","publishedAt":"2025-08-21T23:12:00-04:00","updatedAt":"2025-08-24T02:15:36-04:00"},{"slug":"tag/silver-institute","fromPath":"/tag/silver-institute/","to":"/silver-institute-audit/#audit-data","kind":"tag"}],"formerPageBackground":[{"pageSlug":"the-silver-institute","title":"The Silver Institute Inc.","paragraphs":["The Silver Institute is a nonprofit international association that draws its membership from across the breadth of the silver industry. This includes leading silver mining houses, refiners, bullion suppliers, manufacturers of silver products and wholesalers of silver investment products. Established in 1971, the Institute serves as the industry’s voice in increasing public understanding of the many uses and values of silver."]},{"pageSlug":"world-silver-survey","title":"World Silver Survey","paragraphs":["The Silver Institute has filled a void in the availability of information. The need arose when the U.S. Bureau of Mines suspended in 1987 publishing data concerning U.S. silver demand.","These reports are commissioned by the Silver Institute and completed by third-parties.","CLICK TO GO TO CHARTS/DATA: 1950-1990---2000—————2010—————20201991—————2001—————2011—————20211992—————2002—————2012--————20221993—————2003—————2013—————20231994—————2004—————2014—————20241995—————2005—————2015—————20251996—————2006—————2016—————1997—————2007—————2017—————1998—————2008—————2018—————1999—————2009—————2019—————"]}],"snapshotSha256":"463abfc070b915e1f491f33a1506a187018a667997efbc5e7a1de07d05df825a"},"crossChecks":[{"id":"usgs-world-2025","year":2025,"title":"World mine production / 2025","instituteMoz":846.6,"instituteSourceId":"world-silver-survey-2026","institutePdfPage":31,"externalSource":{"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silver.pdf","pdfPage":2,"label":"USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026","sha256":"f0dfe407304855a51f7647fc711f6c32081188a86269d011cd45e297aa673855","bytes":138760,"retrieved":"2026-10-02"},"rawValue":26000,"rawUnit":"metric tonnes","conversionFactor":32150.7,"conversionFactorUnit":"troy ounces per metric tonne, as printed by USGS","externalMoz":835.9182,"deltaMoz":-10.6818,"outcome":"Different published estimates; inputs not reconciled.","calculation":"26,000 metric tonnes × 32,150.7 troy ounces per tonne ÷ 1,000,000 = 835.91820 Moz.","limitation":"USGS labels 2025 as estimated; its February 2026 release precedes the April survey. The world total is rounded. Input and coverage differences remain unresolved. These are different publishers, not proven independent underlying measurements."},{"id":"usgs-united-states-2025","year":2025,"title":"United States mine production / 2025","instituteMoz":35.7,"instituteSourceId":"world-silver-survey-2026","institutePdfPage":30,"externalSource":{"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-silver.pdf","pdfPage":2,"label":"USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026","sha256":"f0dfe407304855a51f7647fc711f6c32081188a86269d011cd45e297aa673855","bytes":138760,"retrieved":"2026-10-02"},"rawValue":1100,"rawUnit":"metric tonnes","conversionFactor":32150.7,"conversionFactorUnit":"troy ounces per metric tonne, as printed by USGS","externalMoz":35.36577,"deltaMoz":-0.33423,"outcome":"Different published estimates; inputs not reconciled.","calculation":"1,100 metric tonnes × 32,150.7 troy ounces per tonne ÷ 1,000,000 = 35.36577 Moz.","limitation":"USGS labels 2025 as estimated; its February 2026 release precedes the April survey. The world total is rounded. Input and coverage differences remain unresolved. These are different publishers, not proven independent underlying measurements."},{"id":"fresnillo-2025","year":2025,"title":"Fresnillo attributable silver / 2025","instituteMoz":47.6,"instituteSourceId":"world-silver-survey-2026","institutePdfPage":31,"externalSource":{"url":"https://www.fresnilloplc.com/media/jrfelmad/280126-fres-4q25-production-report.pdf","pdfPage":2,"label":"Fresnillo Q4 2025 production report","sha256":"1e767026fe4c947f533c7c2aa7adb08f40cfaeee6a8dbce1d4838e7b91ca9dde","bytes":375570,"retrieved":"2026-10-02"},"rawValue":48723,"streamValue":1134,"rawUnit":"thousand troy ounces","externalMoz":47.589,"deltaMoz":-0.011,"outcome":"Matches after scope adjustment and rounding.","calculation":"48,723 koz total − 1,134 koz Silverstream = 47,589 koz = 47.589 Moz; rounded to the survey’s precision: 47.6 Moz.","limitation":"The survey’s company-table footnote excludes Silverstream. Company reports are inputs to that table, so this checks scope and aggregation rather than independent measurement."}],"auditVersion":"1.5","fundingAudit":{"reviewDate":"2026-10-02","currency":"USD","years":{"from":2004,"through":2024},"scope":"Source review of selected revenue, survey cost, named contractor, governance and overseas-program disclosures in 20 archived PDFs and the 2024 IRS-derived return and schedules. Not a financial-statement assurance audit or a complete transaction ledger.","coverageGaps":["No 1971–2003 returns in the archived collection.","No 2025 return found in the reviewed index as of 2026-10-02.","Individual membership dues and sponsor contributions are not allocated to programs.","Missing or blank amounts remain unknown, not zero."],"sourceRecords":[{"id":"irs-2024-return","year":2024,"title":"2024 Form 990 — IRS990","url":"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/full_text/202542469349301314/IRS990","format":"IRS-derived HTML reconstruction","retrieved":"2026-10-02","sha256":"c09ad1c038ae9661ea46fae3315d39a2d161ff73f6ae94a6ef48cfb34d879bb7"},{"id":"irs-2024-schedule-o","year":2024,"title":"2024 Form 990 — IRS990ScheduleO","url":"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/full_text/202542469349301314/IRS990ScheduleO","format":"IRS-derived HTML reconstruction","retrieved":"2026-10-02","sha256":"60745176d96ae5be537b04e36d426e41cbc678f28e0d6afe392749e47517a960"},{"id":"irs-2024-schedule-f","year":2024,"title":"2024 Form 990 — IRS990ScheduleF","url":"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/full_text/202542469349301314/IRS990ScheduleF","format":"IRS-derived HTML reconstruction","retrieved":"2026-10-02","sha256":"fdf9e359f88c2c510bf9e38f0e9fca99d07b2bbb2e530b2a52601fc74919cd0f"},{"id":"irs-2024-schedule-b","year":2024,"title":"2024 Form 990 — IRS990ScheduleB","url":"https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/full_text/202542469349301314/IRS990ScheduleB","format":"IRS-derived HTML reconstruction","retrieved":"2026-10-02","sha256":"c278413b0b7e17bc259ae9a144bfbd1a16a417901d6881c851a727e6c4e223b9"}],"annual":[{"year":2004,"dues":{"value":772967,"labelAsFiled":"Membership dues and assessments","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2004","pdfPage":1,"locator":"Part I, line 3"},"status":"reported"},"publicationRevenue":{"value":167558,"labelAsFiled":"Publications","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2004","pdfPage":6,"locator":"Part VII, line 93, publications row"},"status":"reported"},"surveyExpense":{"value":219725,"labelAsFiled":"World Silver Survey","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2004","pdfPage":7,"locator":"Other expense statement"},"status":"reported"},"notes":["Publication income is broader than the annual survey; no sponsor allocation is disclosed."]},{"year":2005,"dues":{"value":811383,"labelAsFiled":"Membership dues and assessments","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2005","pdfPage":1,"locator":"Part I, line 3"},"status":"reported"},"publicationRevenue":{"value":152600,"labelAsFiled":"Publications","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2005","pdfPage":8,"locator":"Part VII, line 93, publications row"},"status":"reported"},"surveyExpense":{"value":231077,"labelAsFiled":"World Silver Survey","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2005","pdfPage":9,"locator":"Other expense statement"},"status":"reported"},"notes":["Publication income is broader than the annual survey; no sponsor allocation is disclosed."]},{"year":2006,"dues":{"value":810549,"labelAsFiled":"Membership dues and assessments","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2006","pdfPage":1,"locator":"Part I, line 3"},"status":"reported"},"publicationRevenue":{"value":179610,"labelAsFiled":"Publications","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2006","pdfPage":8,"locator":"Part VII, line 93, publications row"},"status":"reported"},"surveyExpense":{"value":232659,"labelAsFiled":"World Silver Survey","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2006","pdfPage":10,"locator":"Other expense statement"},"status":"reported"},"notes":["Publication income is broader than the annual survey; no sponsor allocation is disclosed."]},{"year":2007,"dues":{"value":829360,"labelAsFiled":"Membership dues and assessments","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2007","pdfPage":1,"locator":"Part I, line 3"},"status":"reported"},"publicationRevenue":{"value":204220,"labelAsFiled":"Publications","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2007","pdfPage":8,"locator":"Part VII, line 93, publications row"},"status":"reported"},"surveyExpense":{"value":247724,"labelAsFiled":"World Silver Survey","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2007","pdfPage":10,"locator":"Other expense statement"},"status":"reported"},"notes":["Publication income is broader than the annual survey; no sponsor allocation is disclosed."]},{"year":2008,"dues":{"value":1177008,"labelAsFiled":"Membership dues and assessments","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2008","pdfPage":9,"locator":"Part VIII, membership dues row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"publicationRevenue":{"value":165828,"labelAsFiled":"Publications","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2008","pdfPage":9,"locator":"Part VIII, publications/survey row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"surveyExpense":{"value":252841,"labelAsFiled":"World Silver Survey","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2008","pdfPage":10,"locator":"Part IX, line 24, survey row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"notes":["Publication income is broader than the annual survey; 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no sponsor allocation is disclosed."]},{"year":2011,"dues":{"value":1550772,"labelAsFiled":"Membership dues and assessments","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2011","pdfPage":9,"locator":"Part VIII, membership dues row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"publicationRevenue":{"value":203200,"labelAsFiled":"Publications","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2011","pdfPage":9,"locator":"Part VIII, publications/survey row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"surveyExpense":{"value":275301,"labelAsFiled":"World Silver Survey","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2011","pdfPage":10,"locator":"Part IX, line 24, survey row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"notes":["Publication income is broader than the annual survey; no sponsor allocation is disclosed."]},{"year":2012,"dues":{"value":1677090,"labelAsFiled":"Membership dues and assessments","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2012","pdfPage":9,"locator":"Part VIII, membership dues row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"publicationRevenue":{"value":252782,"labelAsFiled":"Publications","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2012","pdfPage":9,"locator":"Part VIII, publications/survey row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"surveyExpense":{"value":319963,"labelAsFiled":"World Silver Survey","source":{"sourceId":"form-990-2012","pdfPage":10,"locator":"Part IX, line 24, survey row, column A"},"status":"reported"},"notes":["Publication income is broader than the annual survey; 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The employer and contribution are not specified."},{"id":"dirienzo-spacey-2009-post","url":"https://x.com/Michaeldirienzo/status/1950112861","resolvedUrl":"https://x.com/Michaeldirienzo/status/1950112861","capturedDate":"2026-10-02","sha256":"fed94a03e000f616c1a4e49993b2dd2f46f19c27b9f28f44c3be008b47f09df7","format":"HTML post; browser observation record","bytes":1325,"title":"Michael DiRienzo: meeting with Kevin Spacey, 28 May 2009","hashScope":"UTF-8 browser observation record; not original X HTML or an independently archived tweet","evidenceClass":"Primary contemporaneous public post; contextual corroboration","captureStatus":"Original dated post read in the live browser and matched to the user screenshot. The post refers to a meeting; it does not explicitly acknowledge the film credit."},{"id":"spacey-production-2009-post","url":"https://x.com/KevinSpacey/status/1947111011","resolvedUrl":"https://x.com/KevinSpacey/status/1947111011","capturedDate":"2026-10-02","sha256":"f31ac9235002d86ec84785325ad967dc1514c847870f98b05a89e4dc93912ca7","format":"HTML post; browser observation record","bytes":822,"title":"Kevin Spacey: production update, 28 May 2009","hashScope":"UTF-8 browser observation record; not original X HTML or an independently archived tweet","evidenceClass":"Primary contemporaneous public post; contextual corroboration","captureStatus":"Original dated post read in the live browser. It describes filming on political sets and Spencer Garrett as Tom DeLay; it does not name DiRienzo or his contribution."}],"people":[{"id":"paul-bateman","name":"Paul W. Bateman","label":"KSG leadership and ownership","facts":[{"text":"Green Seal’s biography identifies Bateman as KSG president: joined in 1994, chief executive from 1997. This is an institutional biography, not a current corporate register.","sources":[{"sourceId":"greenseal-bateman","locator":"Paul Bateman biography"}]},{"text":"ICMI’s 2024 and 2025 returns name him Chair & President; both Schedule Ls identify the ICMI president as KSG’s owner. No ownership percentage or personal distribution is disclosed here.","sources":[{"sourceId":"icmi-2024-return","locator":"Part VII, Section A, Paul Bateman"},{"sourceId":"icmi-2024-schedule-l","locator":"Part IV, KSG ownership and management transaction"},{"sourceId":"icmi-2025-return","locator":"Part VII, Section A, Paul Bateman"},{"sourceId":"icmi-2025-schedule-l","locator":"Part IV, KSG ownership and management transaction"}]},{"text":"A 2002 biography dates his Silver Institute executive-director role from 1996 and Gold Institute presidency from 2000. The Silver Institute’s 2004 return lists him as former executive director/secretary.","sources":[{"sourceId":"lbma-bateman-2002","locator":"Biography, printed p17","pdfPage":9},{"sourceId":"form-990-2004","locator":"Part V, Paul Bateman (former)","pdfPage":4}]}]},{"id":"michael-dirienzo","name":"Michael DiRienzo","label":"Silver Institute leadership and KSG management","facts":[{"text":"The 2008 Silver Institute disclosure identifies its executive director as a KSG vice president. Its 2024 return names DiRienzo president and CEO; Schedule O says that officer is paid by KSG under the management contract.","sources":[{"sourceId":"form-990-2008","locator":"Schedule O, shared officer and salary-setting process","pdfPage":14},{"sourceId":"irs-2024-return","locator":"Part II, signing officer; Part VII, Section A"},{"sourceId":"irs-2024-schedule-o","locator":"Part VI, line 15a"}]},{"text":"KSG’s 2012 World Gold Trust Services report is signed by DiRienzo as managing director and names him and Bateman as lobbyists. The SEC’s 2011 meeting memorandum spells his surname “DeRienzo.”","sources":[{"sourceId":"lda-wgts-2012","locator":"Signature; issue-area lobbyist lists"},{"sourceId":"sec-wgc-2011","locator":"Meeting participant titles","pdfPage":1}]},{"text":"Casino Jack: Special Thanks and a documented meeting. Casino Jack (2010) lists “MICHAEL DIRIENZO” under “Special Thanks,” visually checked at 1:46:38 in the linked upload. On 28 May 2009, @Michaeldirienzo told Kevin Spacey: “Enjoyed the meeting immensely and hope it was helpful!” The surrounding reply timeline pairs this with Spacey’s same-day filming update about Spencer Garrett playing Tom DeLay. Together, these records support attributing the credit to the Institute executive; that attribution is an inference. An explicit acknowledgment of the credit has not been located. The specific assistance and any connection to Institute or KSG work remain undocumented.","identityStatus":"corroborated attribution; inference","contributionStatus":"meeting documented; specific assistance unspecified","sources":[{"sourceId":"casino-jack-2010-credits","locator":"Film end credits · 1:46:38 · Special Thanks","timestampSeconds":6398},{"sourceId":"dirienzo-spacey-2009-post","locator":"DiRienzo to Spacey · 28 May 2009"},{"sourceId":"spacey-production-2009-post","locator":"Spacey filming update · 28 May 2009"}]}]},{"id":"philip-klapwijk","name":"Philip Klapwijk","label":"Research-provider connection; dated board service","facts":[{"text":"ICMI’s appointment notice describes a former GFMS co-owner/executive chairman, then managing director of Hong Kong-based Precious Metals Insights and chief consultant to Metals Focus. These are roles reported in 2017, not a current employment roster.","sources":[{"sourceId":"icmi-klapwijk-2017","locator":"Philip Klapwijk Elected ICMI Director","pdfPage":3}]},{"text":"His board appointment took effect on 1 January 2018. ICMI’s 2025 annual report says he departed after eight years; its 2025 filing and report roster still list him. The current website omits him. This records overlapping professional roles, without establishing editorial authority over the Silver Survey.","sources":[{"sourceId":"icmi-klapwijk-2017","locator":"Appointment effective date","pdfPage":3},{"sourceId":"icmi-annual-2025","locator":"President’s message, departure statement","pdfPage":16},{"sourceId":"icmi-annual-2025","locator":"Governance roster","pdfPage":56},{"sourceId":"icmi-2025-return","locator":"Part VII, Section A, Philip Klapwijk"},{"sourceId":"icmi-governance","locator":"Current Board of Directors"}]}]},{"id":"ric-fenton","name":"Ric Fenton","label":"Additional historical KSG lobbyist","facts":[{"text":"The Silver Institute’s Q4 2008 lobbying report names Fenton alongside Bateman and Mike DiRienzo for precious-metals capital-gains treatment. The record does not establish his current role or ownership.","sources":[{"sourceId":"lda-silver-2008-q4","locator":"Tax issue, lobbyist list"}]}]}],"timeline":[{"period":"1949 / 1955","title":"The historical consulting firm predates this audit.","text":"FRUS identifies a Klein and Saks consulting contract in Peru in 1949 and Julius Klein with his partner Saks in 1955. These documents do not prove the legal succession to today’s KSG LLC or a 1920 founding date.","sources":[{"sourceId":"frus-peru-1949","locator":"Footnote 7, Klein Mission contract"},{"sourceId":"frus-chile-1955","locator":"Paragraph 2, Julius Klein and partner Saks"}]},{"period":"1981–1985 / 1989–1993","title":"Public administration before KSG.","text":"Treasury’s 19 August 1985 release appoints Bateman Deputy Treasurer and describes earlier White House and Commerce posts. Green Seal’s biography dates his Bush White House management role to 1989–1993.","sources":[{"sourceId":"treasury-bateman-1985","locator":"Release B-248, 19 August 1985"},{"sourceId":"greenseal-bateman","locator":"White House career"}]},{"period":"2002","title":"China market expansion and better statistics.","text":"In his LBMA article, Bateman describes an industry mission to Shanghai and Beijing to expand China’s domestic silver market and seek better mine-production, export, consumption and government-reserve statistics. This predates the later Schedule F disclosures.","sources":[{"sourceId":"lbma-bateman-2002","locator":"About the Institutes, Chinese market mission, printed p16","pdfPage":9}]},{"period":"January 2005","title":"Industry organizer becomes ICMI chair and president.","text":"ICMI’s 2007 account says Bateman helped raise Code-development funds, chaired the Industry Advisory Group and became ICMI chair and president in January 2005.","sources":[{"sourceId":"icmi-spring-2007","locator":"Paul Bateman biography","pdfPage":4}]},{"period":"2007 / 2009","title":"A corporate board role and a policy institute.","text":"Tri-Valley’s 2009 SEC proxy dates Bateman’s directorship from 2007 and identifies him as Reform Institute chair at that time. Those historical roles do not trace Reform Institute donors into Silver Institute accounts.","sources":[{"sourceId":"sec-trivalley-2009","locator":"Nominees table and Paul Bateman biography, printed pp4–5"}]},{"period":"2011–2014","title":"Named participants in precious-metals rulemaking.","text":"An SEC memorandum places Bateman and DiRienzo with World Gold Council representatives on conflict-minerals rulemaking in 2011. CFTC records place both at a Dillon Gage meeting in 2012 and Bateman at the WGC position-limits meeting in 2014. The latter records a WGC statement about gold’s availability, not a finding about silver.","sources":[{"sourceId":"sec-wgc-2011","locator":"Meeting participants and Section 1502","pdfPage":1},{"sourceId":"cftc-dillon-2012","locator":"18 September 2012 participants and subject"},{"sourceId":"cftc-wgc-2014","locator":"25 July 2014 participants and meeting summary"}]},{"period":"2018–2025","title":"A dated connection to the research firms.","text":"Klapwijk joined ICMI’s board in January 2018 while its notice described his former GFMS leadership and Metals Focus consultancy. The 2025 report records his departure; an exact departure date is not provided.","sources":[{"sourceId":"icmi-klapwijk-2017","locator":"Appointment and professional roles","pdfPage":3},{"sourceId":"icmi-annual-2025","locator":"President’s message","pdfPage":16}]},{"period":"2020","title":"Metals Focus takes over the Silver Survey.","text":"The Institute’s 2020 announcement assigns the 30th annual survey to Metals Focus. The 2019 edition credits GFMS. The transition date must be kept separate from earlier changes to World Gold Council research.","sources":[{"sourceId":"silver-provider-2020","locator":"Metals Focus announcement"},{"sourceId":"world-silver-survey-2019","locator":"Research-provider credit","pdfPage":3}]}],"payments":[{"year":2024,"payer":"The Silver Institute","payee":"KSG LLC","amount":534000,"basis":"Part VII contractor compensation","source":{"sourceId":"irs-2024-return","locator":"Part VII, Section B, KSG LLC"},"note":"Already included in the Silver Institute contractor ledger."},{"year":2024,"payer":"International Cyanide Management Institute","payee":"KSG LLC","amount":1328000,"basis":"Schedule L management transaction","source":{"sourceId":"icmi-2024-schedule-l","locator":"Part IV, KSG LLC"},"note":"Also reported in Part VII, Section B; count this payment once."},{"year":2025,"payer":"International Cyanide Management Institute","payee":"KSG LLC","amount":1346333,"basis":"Schedule L management transaction","source":{"sourceId":"icmi-2025-schedule-l","locator":"Part IV, KSG LLC"},"note":"Also reported in Part VII, Section B and Part IX, line 11a; count once."}],"lobbyingRecords":[{"year":2008,"period":"Q4","client":"The Silver Institute","amount":null,"amountBand":"Less than $5,000","measure":"Reported lobbying income","people":["Mike DiRienzo","Paul Bateman","Ric Fenton"],"issues":"Capital-gains treatment of precious-metals investments","basis":"LD-2, line 12 income band","source":{"sourceId":"lda-silver-2008-q4","locator":"Q4 checkbox; line 12; TAX issue and lobbyists"},"note":"A reported band is not an exact amount or the annual management fee."},{"year":2011,"period":"Q1","client":"AngloGold Ashanti North America Inc","amount":11398,"amountBand":null,"measure":"Reported lobbying income","people":["Paul Bateman","Michael DiRienzo"],"issues":"Mining-law reform and conflict-minerals rulemaking","basis":"LD-2, line 12","source":{"sourceId":"lda-anglogold-2011-q1","locator":"Line 12; NAT and BAN issue descriptions"},"note":"Historical client-specific reported income; not Silver Institute spending."},{"year":2012,"period":"Q4","client":"World Gold Trust Services","amount":29400,"amountBand":null,"measure":"Reported lobbying income","people":["Paul Bateman","Michael DiRienzo"],"issues":"Dodd-Frank commodities regulation; conflict minerals; monitoring gold-reserve and currency legislation","basis":"LD-2, line 12","source":{"sourceId":"lda-wgts-2012","locator":"Q4 checkbox; line 12; issue descriptions and lobbyists"},"note":"Monitoring entries do not identify a contacted agency; the commodities issue lists CFTC and Congress."},{"year":2014,"period":"Q3","client":"World Gold Trust Services","amount":29400,"amountBand":null,"measure":"Reported lobbying income","people":["Paul Bateman","Michael DiRienzo"],"issues":"Dodd-Frank commodities regulation; currency legislation","basis":"LD-2, line 12","source":{"sourceId":"lda-wgts-2014-q3","locator":"Q3 checkbox; line 12; BAN and MON issues"},"note":"Client is World Gold Trust Services, not an interchangeable label for WGC."},{"year":2014,"period":"Q4 · amended termination","client":"World Gold Trust Services","amount":29400,"amountBand":null,"measure":"Reported lobbying income","people":["Michael DiRienzo"],"issues":"Dodd-Frank commodities regulation; currency legislation","basis":"Amended LD-2, line 12; termination 31 December 2014","source":{"sourceId":"lda-wgts-2014-termination-amendment","locator":"Amendment/termination checkboxes; line 12; line 18"},"note":"Use the amendment instead of also counting its original. This terminates that lobbying registration, not all consulting work."}],"claimReview":[{"id":"registered-lobbying","claim":"“Informal Washington adviser” describes the lobbying relationship.","status":"Correction","finding":"Federal reports identify KSG as a lobbying firm and name Bateman and DiRienzo. The Silver Institute itself appears as a historical client.","sources":[{"sourceId":"lda-silver-2008-q4","locator":"Registrant, client and lobbyists"},{"sourceId":"lda-wgts-2012","locator":"Registrant and lobbyists"}]},{"id":"provider-transition","claim":"The Silver Survey moved to Metals Focus shortly after the mid-2010s gold transition.","status":"Correction","finding":"The Silver Survey change is dated 2020; 2019 remained a GFMS edition. A gold-provider transition cannot date the silver series.","sources":[{"sourceId":"silver-provider-2020","locator":"2020 survey announcement"},{"sourceId":"world-silver-survey-2019","locator":"Provider credit","pdfPage":3}]},{"id":"foreign-history","claim":"The 2023 filing establishes the first direct overseas payments and a nearly $15,000 China amount.","status":"Qualification","finding":"Its East Asia/Pacific row does not name a country or cash recipient. China costs appear in 2004 and Chinese market development in 2002. Those earlier program descriptions do not establish a first direct foreign-payment date either.","sources":[{"sourceId":"form-990-2023","locator":"Schedule F regional expenditure","pdfPage":22},{"sourceId":"form-990-2004","locator":"Chinese market development","pdfPage":7},{"sourceId":"lbma-bateman-2002","locator":"Chinese market mission","pdfPage":9}]},{"id":"no-employees","claim":"What does zero employees or zero direct officer pay mean?","status":"Qualification","finding":"Both institutions disclose contract management through KSG. ICMI says its president is a paid KSG officer and that independent board members set the fee. Personal compensation and distributions remain undisclosed here.","sources":[{"sourceId":"icmi-2025-schedule-o","locator":"Part VI, line 15a"},{"sourceId":"irs-2024-schedule-o","locator":"Part VI, line 15a"}]},{"id":"origins","claim":"KSG’s founding date and uninterrupted corporate lineage are established.","status":"Not established","finding":"The 1920 date is not verified by formation records in this review. FRUS documents the historical consultancy; the modern lobbying filing establishes KSG LLC’s trade name. A legal succession still needs corporate records.","sources":[{"sourceId":"frus-peru-1949","locator":"Footnote 7"},{"sourceId":"lda-wgts-2012","locator":"Registrant name"}]},{"id":"editorial-control","claim":"Bateman personally selects researchers or directs published estimates.","status":"Not established","finding":"Payments and professional overlap are documented. No reviewed contract, approval record or editorial correspondence establishes who selected a provider or directed an estimate. Reproducibility must be tested separately against the actual data.","sources":[{"sourceId":"irs-2024-return","locator":"Part VII, Section B, contractors"},{"sourceId":"icmi-klapwijk-2017","locator":"Professional roles","pdfPage":3}]},{"id":"funds-and-harm","claim":"Policy-institute donors, foreign programs or defense connections prove improper flows or national-security harm.","status":"Not established","finding":"The reviewed records do not trace those donors into KSG or Silver Institute accounts, establish a defense-contract role, or demonstrate falsified figures or resulting harm. Historical appointments and shared board service cannot supply the missing transactions.","sources":[{"sourceId":"sec-trivalley-2009","locator":"Historical biography"},{"sourceId":"irs-2024-return","locator":"Parts VIII and IX"},{"sourceId":"irs-2024-schedule-f","locator":"Regional activities"}]}],"derivedTotals":{"silverInstituteSelectedYears":[2008,2024],"silverInstituteSelectedKsgTotal":8218000,"sameYear":2024,"sameYearTwoInstitutionsTotal":1862000,"basis":"Nominal USD; one selected KSG disclosure per Silver Institute year; two separately identified 2024 payer disclosures. Not KSG total revenue, company profit or personal compensation."},"safeguards":[{"text":"ICMI says independent board members determine its annual management fee; the Silver Institute says its executive committee determines its fee. These are filed descriptions of processes, not reviewed minutes confirming a particular approval or recusal.","sources":[{"sourceId":"icmi-2025-schedule-o","locator":"Part VI, line 15a"},{"sourceId":"irs-2024-schedule-o","locator":"Part VI, line 15a"}]}],"openQuestions":[{"title":"Contract and ownership","recordsNeeded":"Executed KSG management contracts, amendments, corporate formation/succession records, equity interests and disclosures of other association clients."},{"title":"Fee approval and conflicts","recordsNeeded":"Competitive bids or fee benchmarks, independent approval minutes, recusals, annual conflict declarations and cost allocations between association clients."},{"title":"Research independence","recordsNeeded":"Provider-selection records and research contracts covering methods, publication rights, confidentiality, editorial review and correction authority."},{"title":"Country programs and donors","recordsNeeded":"China/India agreements, recipient-level invoices and payments, earmarked funder contributions, outputs and evaluations. Regional totals do not identify all beneficiaries."},{"title":"Film assistance and institutional connection","recordsNeeded":"Production correspondence, a filmmaker statement or a direct acknowledgment explaining DiRienzo’s assistance and whether it related to his Institute or KSG role. The Special Thanks credit and contemporaneous meeting post corroborate attribution, but the post does not explicitly name the film or explain the contribution."}],"limitations":["This is selected source review, not a complete client register or financial-statement assurance audit. Historical lobbying relationships do not establish current representation.","The Silver Institute management record runs through 2024; the separate ICMI record reaches 2025. A 2025 ICMI filing does not supply a 2025 Silver Institute figure.","Klapwijk’s 2025 departure statement and year roster refer to different time points; an exact departure date is unavailable.","No personal tax returns, KSG accounts, payment-level ledger, original management/research contracts or board approval minutes were reviewed.","SEC sources were reviewed through web-tool text; their capture hashes identify extracted text, not original documents. Film-credit and X-post hashes identify review or browser observation records, not original film, video or HTML bytes. The X search and visible timeline review were incomplete; not locating an explicit credit acknowledgment does not establish its absence. Other source hashes identify downloaded document bytes."]}}}